The Stalin modernization and the material and legal statusof the ural teaching in the first half of the 1930s

The article consider the issues of social status and real working and living conditions of the Urals in the first half of the 1930s in the conditions of complete collectivization. Problem of comparing the declarative and actual situation of the village school workers is important. The authors come to the conclusion that to solve the problem of social security, to improve the material status of teachers only by administrative and command methods in the early 1930s was impossible. In the conditions of a budget deficit, the state tried to shift the costs of ensuring the material situation of teachers in rural areas to collective farms, public organizations, and consumer co-operation bodies in the cities, obliging their leaders to allocate funds, without taking into account the existing financial possibilities.В статье освещены вопросы социального статуса и реальных условий труда и быта учительства Урала в первой половине 1930-х гг. в условиях сплошной коллективизации

Beam test results of 3D fine-grained scintillator detector prototype for a T2K ND280 neutrino active target

An upgrade of the long baseline neutrino experiment T2K near detector ND280 is currently being developed with the goal to reduce systematic uncertainties in the prediction of number of events at the far detector Super-Kamiokande. The upgrade program includes the design and construction of a new highly granular fully active scintillator detector with 3D WLS fiber readout as a neutrino target. The detector of about $200\times 180\times 60~cm^3$ in size and a mass of $\sim$2.2~tons will be assembled from about $2\times10^6$ plastic scintillator cubes of $1\times1\times1~cm^3$. Each cube is read out by three orthogonal Kuraray Y11 Wave Length Shifting (WLS) fibers threaded through the detector. A detector prototype made of 125 cubes was assembled and tested in a charged particle test beam at CERN in the fall of 2017. This paper presents the results obtained on the light yield and timing as well as on the optical cross-talk between the cubes.Comment: 5 pages, 8 figure

Experimental characterization of anomalous strong scattering of mm-waves in TEXTOR plasmas with rotating islands

Anomalous scattering of high power millimetre waves from gyrotrons at 140 and 110 GHz is investigated for plasma with rotating islands at TEXTOR. The magnetic field and plasma density influence the spectral content of the scattered waves and their power levels significantly. Anomalous strong scattering occurs in two density regimes, one at low densities and one at high densities, that also depend on the magnetic field. The two regimes are separated by a quiescent regime without anomalous scattering. Investigations suggest that scattering in the high-density regime is generated at the low-field side intersection of the gyrotron beam and the island position. The transition from the quiescent regime to the high-density regime occurs when the gyrotron frequency is twice the upper hybrid frequency at this position. There is some evidence that the scattering in the low-density regime is generated near the plasma centre. Under this assumption all the observed scattering is generated when the gyrotron frequency is near or below twice the upper hybrid frequency

Dynamics of the Free Surface of a Conducting Liquid in a Near-Critical Electric Field

Near-critical behavior of the free surface of an ideally conducting liquid in an external electric field is considered. Based on an analysis of three-wave processes using the method of integral estimations, sufficient criteria for hard instability of a planar surface are formulated. It is shown that the higher-order nonlinearities do not saturate the instability, for which reason the growth of disturbances has an explosive character.Comment: 19 page

Comparative performance of MRI-derived PRECISE scores and delta-radiomics models for the prediction of prostate cancer progression in patients on active surveillance

Objectives: To compare the performance of the PRECISE scoring system against several MRI-derived delta-radiomics models for predicting histopathological prostate cancer (PCa) progression in patients on active surveillance (AS). // Methods: The study included AS patients with biopsy-proven PCa with a minimum follow-up of 2 years and at least one repeat targeted biopsy. Histopathological progression was defined as grade group progression from diagnostic biopsy. The control group included patients with both radiologically and histopathologically stable disease. PRECISE scores were applied prospectively by four uro-radiologists with 5–16 years’ experience. T2WI- and ADC-derived delta-radiomics features were computed using baseline and latest available MRI scans, with the predictive modelling performed using the parenclitic networks (PN), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression, and random forests (RF) algorithms. Standard measures of discrimination and areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) were calculated, with AUCs compared using DeLong’s test. // Results: The study included 64 patients (27 progressors and 37 non-progressors) with a median follow-up of 46 months. PRECISE scores had the highest specificity (94.7%) and positive predictive value (90.9%), whilst RF had the highest sensitivity (92.6%) and negative predictive value (92.6%) for predicting disease progression. The AUC for PRECISE (84.4%) was non-significantly higher than AUCs of 81.5%, 78.0%, and 80.9% for PN, LASSO regression, and RF, respectively (p = 0.64, 0.43, and 0.57, respectively). No significant differences were observed between AUCs of the three delta-radiomics models (p-value range 0.34–0.77). // Conclusions: PRECISE and delta-radiomics models achieved comparably good performance for predicting PCa progression in AS patients

Solar neutrino detection in a large volume double-phase liquid argon experiment

Precision measurements of solar neutrinos emitted by specific nuclear reaction chains in the Sun are of great interest for developing an improved understanding of star formation and evolution. Given the expected neutrino fluxes and known detection reactions, such measurements require detectors capable of collecting neutrino-electron scattering data in exposures on the order of 1 ktonne yr, with good energy resolution and extremely low background. Two-phase liquid argon time projection chambers (LAr TPCs) are under development for direct Dark Matter WIMP searches, which possess very large sensitive mass, high scintillation light yield, good energy resolution, and good spatial resolution in all three cartesian directions. While enabling Dark Matter searches with sensitivity extending to the "neutrino floor" (given by the rate of nuclear recoil events from solar neutrino coherent scattering), such detectors could also enable precision measurements of solar neutrino fluxes using the neutrino-electron elastic scattering events. Modeling results are presented for the cosmogenic and radiogenic backgrounds affecting solar neutrino detection in a 300 tonne (100 tonne fiducial) LAr TPC operating at LNGS depth (3,800 meters of water equivalent). The results show that such a detector could measure the CNO neutrino rate with ~15% precision, and significantly improve the precision of the 7Be and pep neutrino rates compared to the currently available results from the Borexino organic liquid scintillator detector.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figures, 6 table

Targeted training of the function of walking according to the stance and single support phase in patients in the early recovery period of cerebral stroke

Background: The phases of support and single support on a limb are significant basic parameters of walking (phase of support means the whole limb support time, while the phase of single support is when only one limb is on the ground). Both can be used as targets for biofeedback training. Aim: to investigate the effectiveness of both target parameters for training the function of walking with biofeedback in patients in the early recovery period of cerebral stroke. Methods: The study involved 40 patients, 20 in each group, who underwent a training course to harmonize walking: the first group for the period of support, and the second group for the period of single support. The control group of healthy people also consisted of 20 people. We studied the spatiotemporal parameters of walking at an arbitrary pace at the beginning and after the end of the training course, as well as classical clinical scales. The treadmill training consisted of 10 sessions. Results: The clinical and biomechanical parameters of walking changed their values in the direction of a significant improvement in the performance. At the same time, the biomechanical parameters of the second group indicated a more severe functional state before the start of the treatment, with the same clinical parameters according to the Barthel scale, Rivermead Mobility Index, modified Rankin scale, rehabilitation routing scale, and manual muscle testing. In the first group, indirect data were obtained on the possible effect of the target indicator on the training and direct data on its effect on the function of a healthy limb, which also allows increasing the load on the paretic one. In the second group, there were no reliable data on the effect of biofeedback training on the functional outcome. Conclusion: The conducted study showed that the classical clinical assessment of the patient's condition may not correspond to the instrumental functional study of walking. When using the support period as the training target parameter, indirect evidence was obtained that such a training is effective

TRANSITION TO REDUCED TEMPERATURE SCHEDULE OF DELIVERY WATER IN HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEMS AS A TOPICAL PROBLEM

Two aspects of the transition of heat supply systems to temperature schedules with a reduced temperature of delivery water are considered. The first of them concerns a decrease in the temperature of direct delivery water, which makes it possible to work without cutting off the schedule in the area of low air temperatures, but leads to the need to modernize control systems for heating consumers at heat points. A second aspect relates to the possibility of lowering the return delivery water temperature. The task of further research is determined.Рассмотрены два аспекта перехода систем теплоснабжение на температурные графики с пониженной температурой сетевой воды. Первый из них касается уменьшения температуры прямой сетевой воды, что дает возможность работать без срезки графика в области низких температур воздуха, но приводит к необходимости модернизации систем регулирования для потребителей отопления на тепловых пунктах. Второй аспект относится к возможности понижения температуры обратной сетевой воды. Определена задача дальнейших исследований

СЕЙСМИЧЕСКИЕ НЕОДНОРОДНОСТИ ВЕРХНЕЙ И ВСЕЙ КОРЫ АЛДАНО-СТАНОВОГО ЩИТА (ПРОФИЛЬ 3-ДВ)

In accordance with the detailed first-arrival data, the near-surface part of the Earth’s crust consists of three layers. The upper discontinuous layer is represented by the Mesocenozoic deposits in local basins. The two inhomogenous layers decrease in thickness towards the north from 1.5 km to total thinning in the Stanovoy block and from 4 km in the Chulman basin to 1 km in the Aldan. It is implied that the nature of thinning lies in weathering and disintegration of crystalline rocks. Their underlying boundary at a depth of 1–4 km with a longitudinal wave velocity of 6.0–6.2 km/s can be assigned to the unchanged Early Precambrian basement surface.The deep seismic sounding data show that the two-layer crust thickness of the Stanovoy block reaches 40 km, and the three-layer crust in the Aldan block is as thick as 50 km. These blocks are separated by the vertical zone beneath the Stanovoy ridge with contrast inhomogeneities in the crust and step-like increase in the Moho depth beneath the Chulman basin.There was discovered an isostatic imbalance of the lithosphere, correlated with seismicity of the Chulman basin.Приповерхностная часть земной коры по детальным сейсмическим данным метода первых вступлений охарактеризована тремя слоями. Прерывистый верхний представлен мезокайнозойскими осадочными отложениями в локальных впадинах. В двух неоднородных слоях мощность уменьшается в северном направлении от 1.5 км до полного выклинивания в Становом блоке и от 4 км в Чульманской впадине до 1 км в Алданском. Предполагается, что природа слоистости обусловлена корой выветривания и дезинтеграции кристаллических пород. Подстилающая их граница на глубине 1–4 км со скоростью продольных волн 6.0–6.2 км/с может быть отнесена к неизмененной поверхности раннедокембрийского фундамента.Показано, что мощность двухслойной земной коры Станового блока по данным глубинного сейсмического зондирования достигает 40 км, а в трехслойной земной коры Алданского блока – 50 км. Вертикальная зона под Становым хребтом с контрастными неоднородностями в коре и ступенчатым увеличением глубины Мохо под Чульманской впадиной разделяет эти блоки.Обнаружена изостатическая неуравновешенность литосферы, коррелируемая с сейсмичностью Чульманской впадины